Q1. A city mayor stated, "Our city's new traffic zoning laws will significantly reduce congestion in the downtown area by restricting heavy commercial vehicles during peak hours."
Inferences: I. Heavy commercial vehicles are currently a contributing factor to downtown traffic congestion during peak hours. II. Traffic congestion in the downtown area will be eliminated once the new zoning laws are implemented.Correct Option A … Explanation: The mayor expects that restricting heavy commercial vehicles during peak hours will reduce congestion. This expectation only makes sense if those vehicles currently add to peak-hour congestion, so Inference I follows. Inference II goes too far: the mayor says congestion will be "significantly reduced," not "eliminated." Other causes of congestion may remain. Hence, option A.Q2. Recent studies indicate that individuals who consume more than 300mg of caffeine daily are 40% more likely to experience sleep disturbances compared to those who consume less than 100mg.
Inferences: I. Consuming less than 100mg of caffeine daily guarantees a lack of sleep disturbances. II. A person consuming 400mg of caffeine daily is at a higher risk of sleep disturbances than someone consuming 50mg daily.Correct Option B … Explanation: 400mg falls in the "more than 300mg" group and 50mg falls in the "less than 100mg" group. The study says the first group is 40% more likely to have sleep disturbances, so Inference II follows directly. Inference I is invalid: a lower relative risk does not mean zero risk. People consuming under 100mg can still have sleep disturbances. Hence, option B.Q3. To qualify for the advanced robotics seminar, a student must have completed Introduction to Physics and hold a minimum GPA of 3.5. Mrinal was denied entry to the advanced robotics seminar.
Inferences: I. Mrinal has a GPA lower than 3.5. II. Mrinal has not completed Introduction to Physics.Correct Option D … Explanation: The two stated conditions are necessary for qualifying, but the passage never says they are sufficient. Mrinal could meet both and still be denied for another reason, such as limited seats or a missed deadline. Even if he failed a condition, we cannot tell which one, or whether he failed both. So neither inference can be drawn. Option E fails because the passage does not guarantee that at least one of the two conditions was unmet. Hence, option D.Q4. The price of crude oil on the global market fell by 15% this month. However, the retail price of gasoline at local pumps in Country Z has remained unchanged.
Inferences: I. Country Z does not import crude oil from other countries. II. The retail price of gasoline in Country Z is not determined solely by the global price of crude oil.Correct Option B … Explanation: If the retail gasoline price depended only on the global crude price, a 15% fall in crude should have moved the pump price. Since the pump price did not change, other factors must play a role. These could include taxes, government price controls, refining costs, or time lags. So Inference II follows. Inference I is unsupported: Country Z may import crude and still hold prices steady through such factors. Hence, option B.Q5. Every member of the Gokul Society's board serves on at least one of its committees. No committee member who is a paid employee of the Society may vote on the annual budget. Ms. Tarak is a board member and a paid employee of the Society.
Inferences: I. Ms. Tarak serves on at least one committee. II. Ms. Tarak may not vote on the annual budget.Correct Option C … Explanation: Ms. Tarak is a board member, and every board member serves on at least one committee, so Inference I follows. That makes her a committee member. She is also a paid employee, and no committee member who is a paid employee may vote on the annual budget. So Inference II also follows. Hence, option C.Q6. A regional bakery chain reported that its sales of sourdough loaves rose 25 percent last year, while its sales of all other types of bread combined were unchanged.
Inferences: I. Sourdough was the chain's best-selling type of bread last year. II. Customers in the region increasingly prefer sourdough to other breads.Correct Option D … Explanation: A 25% rise describes growth, not absolute volume. Sourdough could have grown from a very small base and still sell less than other breads, so Inference I does not follow. Inference II extends one chain's sales data to the preferences of all customers in the region. The rise could also come from promotions, new outlets, or pricing rather than a shift in preference. Hence, option D.Q7. In Bikaner, every pharmacy that stays open after 9 p.m. also offers home delivery. Some Bikaner pharmacies that offer home delivery charge a fee for it.
Inferences: I. Any Bikaner pharmacy that does not offer home delivery closes at or before 9 p.m. II. Some Bikaner pharmacies that stay open after 9 p.m. charge a delivery fee.Correct Option A … Explanation: The rule "open after 9 p.m. → offers home delivery" has a valid contrapositive: "no home delivery → not open after 9 p.m." In other words, such a pharmacy closes at or before 9 p.m., so Inference I follows. Inference II does not follow. The fee-charging pharmacies are only "some" of the delivery pharmacies, and they may all be ones that close by 9 p.m. Hence, option A.Q8. At the start of this summer season, the Ostrava Bay municipal pool raised its entry fee from $4 to $6. Every admission, this year and last, was paid at the posted fee. Total admissions this July were 30 percent lower than total admissions in July of last year.
Inferences: I. The pool's admission revenue this July was higher than its admission revenue last July. II. The fee increase caused the decline in admissions. III. This July's admissions were more than half of last July's admissions.Correct Option D … Explanation: Suppose last July had 100 admissions. Revenue was then 100 × $4 = $400. This July had 70 admissions, so revenue was 70 × $6 = $420, which is higher. So Inference I follows. Since 70 is more than half of 100, Inference III also follows. Inference II is a causal claim the passage does not support. The drop could be due to weather, a competing facility, or other factors. Hence, option D.Q9. A commuter rail operator added trains during the morning rush hour after observing that platforms were particularly crowded during that period. Following the change, average waiting times during the morning rush declined, although the operator did not measure waiting times at other times of day.
Inferences: I. The additional morning trains contributed to reducing morning waiting times. II. Morning rush-hour demand was greater than demand during every other period of the day. III. The operator had identified morning rush hour as a period requiring additional service.Correct Option E … Explanation: The operator added trains specifically because the morning platforms were crowded. So it clearly saw that period as needing more service, and Inference III follows. The only change described is the addition of trains, after which morning waiting times fell. More frequent trains naturally shorten waits, so it is reasonable to infer that they contributed to the decline, and Inference I follows. Inference II is unsupported: "particularly crowded" does not show that demand was higher than in every other period, and other times of day were not measured. Hence, option E.Q10. A company introduced a voluntary wellness program that included exercise classes, nutritional workshops, and access to a fitness facility. Participation was highest among employees working at the company's largest office.
Inferences: I. Most employees at the largest office participated in the program. II. The wellness program improved the health of participating employees. III. At least some employees considered one or more features of the program sufficiently useful to participate.Correct Option C … Explanation: The program was voluntary and there was participation, so at least some employees chose to take part. That means they found some feature useful enough to join, and Inference III follows. Inference I does not follow. "Highest participation" is comparative and may refer to absolute numbers at the biggest office, not a majority of its staff. Inference II does not follow because the passage gives no data on health outcomes. Hence, option C.Q11. A grocery chain introduced self-checkout counters at selected stores. Management reported that customers using the counters generally completed purchases faster than customers using staffed checkout lanes. The chain plans to study the results before deciding whether to expand the system.
Inferences: I. Self-checkout always results in faster purchases than staffed checkout. II. The chain has not yet decided to install self-checkout counters in every store. III. The chain considers the current results sufficient to prove that self-checkout is superior.Correct Option C … Explanation: The chain plans to study the results "before deciding whether to expand," so it has not yet decided on a full rollout. Inference II follows. Inference I turns "generally faster" into "always faster," which is too strong. Inference III contradicts the passage: if the chain thought the results were conclusive, it would not need further study. Hence, option C.Q12. A university offered a small grant to student groups proposing projects to improve campus life. Several applications proposed similar projects, but the university funded only one project in each broad category.
Inferences: I. The university received more applications than it could fund. II. None of the funded projects had any overlapping purpose. III. Every submitted project was rejected except one in each category. IV. The grant program generated interest among at least some student groups.Correct Option A … Explanation: Several applications proposed similar projects, yet only one per category was funded. So some applications went unfunded, and Inference I follows. Multiple groups applied, which shows that at least some student groups were interested, so Inference IV follows. Inference II is too strong: projects in different broad categories could still share some purpose. Inference III overreaches because the passage does not say every category had several submissions, or that no other outcome existed, such as a waitlist or partial funding. Hence, option A.Q13. A manufacturer tested two versions of a product in different markets. Version A received more repeat purchases than Version B in both markets.
Inferences: I. The markets differed in average income and purchasing habits. II. Differences between the markets could affect how the test results should be interpreted. III. Version A will outperform Version B in every future market. IV. The company will prefer Version B over Version A everywhere.Correct Option B … Explanation: The test was run in different markets, so any differences between those markets could affect how the results are read. Inference II is a cautious "could" statement and follows. Inference I names specific differences, income and purchasing habits, that the passage never mentions. Inference III generalises two markets to "every future market," which is an overgeneralisation. Inference IV contradicts the data, which favours Version A. Hence, option B.Q14. Corporate Trainer: "Employees who actively participate in our interactive workshops retain 60% more information than those who only read the training manuals. Therefore, we should mandate interactive workshops for all new hires to improve overall training efficiency."
Which of the following can be logically inferred from the trainer's argument?Correct Option B … Explanation: The trainer cites better information retention as the reason workshops will "improve overall training efficiency." This link only works if the trainer treats retention as a key part of efficiency, so B follows from the argument. Option A is too extreme, because manual readers still retain some information. Option C brings in costs, which are never discussed. Option D moves from retention to productivity, which is not mentioned. Option E is about preferences, which are not discussed. Hence, option B.Q15. An independent audit of Hospital M showed that patients treated in the newly renovated East Wing reported a 20% higher satisfaction rate than those treated in the older West Wing. Both wings are staffed by the same rotation of doctors and nurses.
Which of the following can be properly inferred?Correct Option E … Explanation: Both wings share the same rotation of staff, so staff cannot explain the difference in satisfaction. Something other than the medical staff must be influencing the rates, which is what E says. Option A is tempting but too specific. The difference might come from other factors, such as the type of patients or conditions treated in each wing, not necessarily the physical environment. Option B concerns staff preferences, which are not mentioned. Option C is extreme and unsupported. Option D is a prediction about future action. Hence, option E.Q16. In Trevor Mall, hardcover novels are sold at Rs. 550 each and paperback novels at Rs. 250 each. Last year the mall's bookstores sold two and a half times as many paperback novels as hardcover novels, and every book was sold at its listed price.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?Correct Option C … Explanation: For every hardcover sold, 2.5 paperbacks were sold. Revenue per hardcover sold is Rs. 550. Revenue from the matching 2.5 paperbacks is 2.5 × 250 = Rs. 625. Paperback revenue is therefore higher, which supports C and rules out D. Option A concerns profit, which needs cost data the passage does not give. Option B turns sales volume into customer preference, which is not justified. Option E concerns production costs, which are not mentioned. Hence, option C.Q17. Dr. Lamba argues that standardized testing should be abolished in schools because it narrows the curriculum to what is tested. Dr. Rao replies that curriculum narrowing is a product of what a test contains rather than of testing as such, and that tests redesigned to reward broad knowledge would not have this effect.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?Correct Option D … Explanation: Dr. Rao says redesigned tests "would not have this effect." This means he believes standardized testing can be used without narrowing the curriculum, which is D. Option A misreads Rao, who blames the content of tests and implicitly accepts that current tests may narrow the curriculum. Option B is wrong because Lamba wants testing abolished. Option C assigns Lamba a view on redesigned tests that he never states. Option E assumes Lamba sees no other harms, which the passage does not say. Hence, option D.Q18. An industry code requires a manufacturer to notify customers of a product defect if the defect poses a safety risk or substantially impairs the product's performance, and requires no notification of any other defect. Blendco found that the lids on one of its blender models may develop hairline cracks after several years of use; the cracks do not affect the blender's performance and pose no safety risk.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?Correct Option C … Explanation: The lid cracks pose no safety risk and do not impair performance. They therefore fall into the category of "any other defect," for which the code requires no notification. So C follows. Option A confuses "not required" with "prohibited," and the code only says notification is not required. Option B contradicts the passage. Option D is an unsupported claim about what Blendco has done. Option E extends the defect to other models without evidence. Hence, option C.Q19. Every dealership of Aata Motors is classified as either urban or rural. Over the past four quarters, unit sales at Aata's urban dealerships have risen every quarter, while unit sales at its rural dealerships have fallen every quarter.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?Correct Option E … Explanation: All dealerships are either urban or rural. Urban sales have risen while rural sales have fallen, so the urban share of total sales must have grown, whatever the absolute numbers. So E follows. Option A gives a reason for the rural decline that the passage does not state. Option B cannot be determined, because the size of the rise and the fall are unknown. Option C cannot be determined, because the starting levels are unknown. Option D is an unsupported explanation for the urban growth. Hence, option E.Q20. The number of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road in Country X has tripled over the last five years. During the same period, the national electricity grid has experienced a 20% increase in peak-hour power outages. Critics argue that the surge in EVs is overloading the grid.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?Correct Option D … Explanation: The passage reports that EV numbers and peak-hour outages both rose over the same five years. That establishes a correlation, though not causation, so D is the safe inference. Option A makes a comparison with factories that the passage never discusses. Option B is an unsupported claim about grid upgrades. Option C is extreme, since other causes of outages may exist. Option E concerns charging behaviour, which the passage does not mention. Hence, option D.
